Difference between revisions of "Material"

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#redirect [[Most abundant elements on Earth]]
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== See also ==
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*[[Fundamental resources]] of humanity
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*[[Resources in space]]
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*[[Post-scarcity age]]

Revision as of 21:44, 7 December 2006

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Twenty most abundant elements in Earth's crust

Approx figures for the 20 most abundant elements in Earth's crust:

Earth's crust
Earth cutaway
Element  % mass
Oxygen 46.71
Silicon 27.69
Aluminum 8.07
Iron 5.05
Calcium 3.65
Sodium 2.75
Potassium 2.58
Magnesium 2.08
Titanium 0.62
Hydrogen 0.14
Phosphorus 0.13
Carbon 0.09
Manganese 0.09
Sulfur 0.05
Barium 0.05
Chlorine 0.05
Chromium 0.04
Fluorine 0.03
Zirconium 0.03
Nickel 0.02


Notable missing from top 20: Copper.
Carbon might replace copper for many electrical (and thermal) conduction applications - see [1], [2] and carbon nanotube 11px-Wikipedia_logo.jpg for further information. In September 2013, a proof-of-concept computer was built from carbon nanotubes [3]


Figures from [4]
Figures rounded to two decimal places
Also need to have a list based on ease of extraction and energy required
Element links in list point to element's Wikipedia article

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Constituent elements of seawater

Approximate composition of seawater by mass:

Seawater
Element  % mass
Oxygen 85.7
Hydrogen 10.8
Chlorine 1.9
Sodium 1.05
Magnesium 0.14
Sulfur 0.09
Calcium 0.04
Potassium 0.04
Others Trace


Figures from [5]
Need to find definitive primary source
Element links in list point to Wikipedia article

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Constituent elements of air

Approximate composition of dry atmosphere by volume:

Sky
Element  % vol
Nitrogen 78.08
Oxygen 20.95
Argon 0.93
Carbon < 0.01
Others trace

Not included in above dry atmosphere:
Water vapour 11px-Wikipedia_logo.jpg (variable) ~1%


Source: NASA
Carbon dioxide updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [6]. Figure for carbon extrapolated from this
Edited text from [7]
Element links in list point to Wikipedia article

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See also

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